A Bouquet of Biases: The U.S.-Iraq Relationship

Abstract

“We will defend our freedom. We will bring freedom to others and we will prevail.” With words as emphatic as these, the 79% of Americans watching President George W Bush confidently address his fellow citizens in a successful attempt to sell the invasion of Iraq couldn’t help but be patriotically led along by the message of liberation. It seemed like a foolproof case. The Iraqi people had been oppressed, abused, and forgotten by the fascist dictator Saddam Hussien for the past 24 years, and what is America if not the iron fist of democracy? America has a long history of invading nations on the principles of “democracy,” and “freedom” of foreign nations. However, in the case of the invasion of Iraq in 2003, American invasion and subsequent occupation led to increased sectarian violence, and has left Iraq as a shell of a nation with little hope for the future. 

PDF

References

Arango, Tim, et al. “The Iran Cables: Secret Documents Show How Tehran Wields Power in Iraq.” The New York Times, 18 Nov. 2019, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/18/world/middleeast/iran-iraq-spy-cables.html

Davies, Nick, et al. “Iraq War Logs: Secret Files Show How US Ignored Torture.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 22 Oct. 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/22/iraq-war-logs-military-leaks

Doherty, Carroll. “A Look Back at How Fear and False Beliefs Bolstered U.S. Public Support for War in Iraq.” Pew Research Center - U.S. Politics & Policy, 14 Mar. 2023, www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/03/14/a-look-back-at-how-fear-and-false-beliefs-bolstered-u-s-public-support-for-war-in-iraq/

Duffield, John S. Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University - GSU. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1089&context=political_science_facpub

Fisher, Max. “20 Years on, a Question Lingers about Iraq: Why Did the U.S. Invade?” The New York Times, The New York Times, 18 Mar. 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/world/middleeast/iraq-war-reason.html

Frum, David. “The Enduring Lessons of the ‘axis of Evil’ Speech.” The Atlantic, 29 Jan. 2022, www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/01/axis-of-evil-speech-frum-bush/621397/

Hahn, Peter. “A Century of U.S. Relations with Iraq.” Origins,

https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-us-relations-iraq?language_content_entity=en

Heilbrunn, Jacob. “Why the United States Invaded Iraq.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 28 July 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/books/review/to-start-a-war-robert-draper.html

"H.R.4655 - 105th Congress (1997-1998): Iraq Liberation Act of 1998." Congress.gov, Library of Congress, 31 October 1998, https://www.congress.gov/bill/105th-congress/house-bill/4655

"Iraq War". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/event/Iraq-War.

Accessed 21 May 2023

“The Iraq War.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/timeline/iraq-war

Juhasz, Antonia. “Why the War in Iraq Was Fought for Big Oil.” CNN, Cable News Network, 15 Apr. 2013, https://www.cnn.com/2013/03/19/opinion/iraq-war-oil-juhasz/index.html

Katz, Mark N. “The U.S. and Democratization in Iraq.” The U.S. and Democratization in Iraq | Middle East Policy Council, mepc.org/commentary/us-and-democratization-iraq

Lake, Ralph, and David Reitsema . The Iraqi Nationalization of the Iraq Petroleum Company ... - Du. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2170&context=djilp

Longley, Robert. “How Oil Influenced the 2003 US Invasion of Iraq.” ThoughtCo, ThoughtCo, 4 Oct. 2021, https://www.thoughtco.com/oil-drive-us-invasion-of-iraq-3968261

Lucey, Catherine. “Bush Was Haunted by His Own ‘mission Accomplished’ - The Boston Globe.” BostonGlobe.Com, 14 Apr. 2018, www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2018/04/14/bush-was-haunted-his-own-mission-accomplished/E73SdIkXxBfUGsbyXv7ISI/story.html

Mitchell, Jack. “20 Years Ago, the U.S. Warned of Iraq's Alleged 'Weapons of Mass Destruction'.” NPR, NPR, 3 Feb. 2023, https://www.npr.org/2023/02/03/1151160567/colin-powell-iraq-un-weapons-mass-destruction

Nada, Garrett, and Sarhang Hamasaeed. “Iraq Timeline: Since the 2003 War.” United States Institute of Peace, 6 Nov. 2020, www.usip.org/iraq-timeline-2003-war

Power, Samantha. “A Problem from Hell”: America and the Age of Genocide. William Collins, an Imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, 2021

Riedel, Bruce. “9/11 And Iraq: The Making of a Tragedy.” Brookings, Brookings, 9 Mar. 2022,

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2021/09/17/9-11-and-iraq-the-making-of-a-tragedy/

Rubin, Alissa J. “20 Years after U.S. Invasion, Iraq Is a Freer Place, but Not a Hopeful One.” The New York Times, 18 Mar. 2023, www.nytimes.com/2023/03/18/world/middleeast/iraq-war-20th-anniversary.html

“Saddam Hussein.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 29 Mar. 2023,

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saddam-Hussein.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2023 Audrey de Groot